No passado, quando éramos caçadores coletores, aprendemos em algum momento a associar a chuva à fertilidade da natureza. E o cheiro da chuva tem até um nome: petricor. Mas qual é o significado de petricor, nome que deram ao odor da chuva quando ela cai no solo seco?
Foi na década de 1960 que o termo apareceu pela primeira vez em um trabalho científico. E essa história é muito interessante de contar.
E se me permite, leitor(a), chamo meus filhos Artur e Bento para nos acompanharem nessa leitura sobre ciência, sentidos e sensibilidade. 😏
Petricor: a ciência dá um significado ao cheiro de chuva
Tentem imaginar, Artur e Bento, o que deveria ser para os primeiros de nós, que mal dominavam a consciência de si mesmos, testemunhar as cargas d’água. Naquela época, tudo era mais silencioso e previsível. Por isso, chuvas e tempestades deviam encantar nossos antepassados.
Até porque eles logo devem ter percebido um cheiro especial toda vez que chovia. Como fazemos hoje, mesmo em nossas cidades poluídas. O tempo passou, até que no século passado dois cientistas começaram a investigar essa fragância tão natural.
Quem inventou o nome?
A palavra petricor surgiu em 1964, no artigo científico A natureza do odor argiloso. Nele, os cientistas Isabel (Joy) Bear e Richard Thomas publicaram suas descobertas sobre o perfume da chuva na revista Nature.
Vejamos como eles escreveram pela primeira vez sobre petricor:
“The diverse nature of the host materials has led us to propose the name ‘petriohor’ for this apparently unique odour which can be regarded as an ‘ichor’ or ‘tenuous essence’ derived from rock or stone. This name, unlike the general term ‘argillaceous odour’, avoids the unwarranted implication that the phenomenon is restricted to clays or argillaceous materials; it does not imply that petrichor is necessarily a fixed chemical entity but rather it denotes an integral odour, variable within a certain easily recognizable osmic latitude.”
Trecho do estudo A natureza do odor argiloso, em que a palavra petricor aparece pela primeira vez
Thomas buscava há anos uma resposta para o fato de um cheiro característico se repetir regularmente quando chovia. Ou seja, ele queria saber se o “odor argiloso”, que já era conhecido na época, também podia ser usado para descrever o que sentimos quando chove.
Laboratório e pesquisa
Mas não podia. A pesquisa dos dois mostrou que era preciso usar outro nome para evitar “a implicação injustificada de que o fenômeno é restrito a argilas ou materiais argilosos”. Mas Bear e Thomas não eram os únicos a perceber o valor do cheiro da chuva…
Isso porque uma perfumaria da Índia já tinha conseguido isolar o cheiro da chuva a partir o óleo de sândalo, batizando o odor de matti ka attar (ou perfume da terra).
Mas Bear e Thomas não sabiam disso quando usaram seus conhecimentos científicos para resolver o enigma. Esse é o papel da ciência: decifrar os mistérios das natureza e o que muitas vezes mexe com os nossos sentimentos.
E como eles, outros pesquisadores se interessaram pelo petricor.
O sangue das pedras
Agora que sabemos quando e como a ciência deu nome a esse cheiro maravilhoso, precisamos entender como tudo acontece.
Mas, primeiro, vamos entender a origem da palavra escolhida por Bear e Thomas. 😉
Petricor, como o nome de chuva é chamado desde 1964, é a união de pedra (do grego πέτρα ou pétrā) e sangue (ἰχώρ ou ichṓr; de fluído etéreo, sangue dos deuses).
A escolha dessa palavra tem seu motivo. Nas suas pesquisas, Bear e Thomas eles descobriram um óleo amarelado aos destilar o vapor de rochas expostas a condições extremas de calor e a locais secos. Esse óleo preso nas rochas e no solo acaba sendo liberado pela umidade, o que causa o petricor (sangue das pedras).
Sentimos o cheiro de chuva quando a umidade aumenta (aviso de chegada de chuva), preenchendo com água os poros das rochas e do solo impregnados de petricor.
Bactérias em ação
Agora, vamos conhecer o principal componente do petricor: o gênero Streptomyces, “um grupo especial de bactérias filamentosas importante na decomposição de matéria orgânica”. Elas estão presentes em solos úmidos, daí a fórmula perfeita da nossa fragrância natural.
Ou seja, as bactérias Streptomyces produzem a geosmina, um tipo de actinobactéria presente no solo. E sua detecção acontece quando o solo está molhado.
A força dos trovões
Além do petricor, o ozônio (O3), um dos gases que compõem a atmosfera, também dá a sua contribuição.
Com odor característico, ele pode ser sentido em dias de fortes chuvas porque é criado quando os trovões, poderosos senhores das tempestades, “quebram” moléculas de oxigênio.
O significado de petricor ao vivo
E como seria ver o petricor de perto? Além disso, em câmera lenta… Aqui está 👇👇👇.
Os cientistas são assim. Eles têm os corações apaixonados e curiosos de criança, mas suas mentes são pragmáticas. Afinal, elas precisam organizar as coisas, de modo que a nossa própria existência no universo seja minimamente compreensível.
Debruçados sobre a privacidade das gotas com máquinas superpotentes, precisas e imparciais, não só batizaram o cheiro de chuva com o nome estranho, mas também o filmaram.
O real significado da magia do petricor
Quando uma chuva cai, a magia de fato acontece. E vocês, meus meninos, já a viram. Ou melhor, já a sentiram em seus pequenos narizes, muito parecidos com o meu, como dizem. Essa é a minha maneira de contar a vocês (a quem estiver lendo) desse aroma especial.
Que vem ao vento quando as gotas frias do céu encontram a terra e o chão secos depois de um período de estiagem.
É um frescor suave que lembra a memória do significado das coisas simples. Mas perceber as coisas simples não é simples coisa. À medida que envelhecemos, tomamos gosto por esse exercício tão humano de complicar, dar peso ao que deveria levitar.
Enigmas da vida
Vocês mostram a mim e à sua mãe uma já sensibilidade para isso quando nos insinuam, com sinceridade – por que não simplicidade? –, que sabemos de tudo, mas não sabemos de nada. A minha paternidade tem muito disso.
Mas voltemos ao aroma das gotas. Além de darmos pouco valor a esse e outros enigmas da vida, tão devotos que somos às nossas falsas urgências, não nos contentamos em admirar apenas, sentimos a necessidade de dar significados.
A natureza era pura revelação. No entanto, a evolução nos deu poderes, e a pretensão de acharmos que ela está aí para nos servir.
Petricor, talvez concordem comigo, não tem um significado com aroma, muito menos poesia. Petricor soa aos meus ouvidos como uma coisa estranha, em vez de me fazer sentir o cheiro da chuva.
Mas evite as coisas complicadas, Artur e Bento, tenham vocês dez, 15 ou 50 anos. Ou seja, tentem, nas suas caminhadas e descobertas, abraçar o simples e se impregnar ao máximo do cheiro de chuva.
E não de petricor. 🙂
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É bom saber sobre esse efeito o qual a muitos anos tenho esse prazer, mas não sabia que tinha esse nome. Mas a sensibilidade desse efeito que Deus proporcionou em nossas vidas é um momento muito único e prazeroso, que maravilha
De fato, Sandro, é um fenômeno incrível, e que diz muito sobre a beleza da natureza. 😉 Volte sempre!